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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q213-Q218):

NEW QUESTION # 213
You are a cybersecurlty consultant for a smart city project. The project involves deploying a vast network of loT devices for public utilities like traffic control, water supply, and power grid management The city administration is concerned about the possibility of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack crippling these critical services. They have asked you for advice on how to prevent such an attack. What would be your primary recommendation?

Answer: A

Explanation:
Implementing regular firmware updates for all IoT devices is the primary recommendation to prevent DDoS attacks on the smart city project. Firmware updates can fix security vulnerabilities, patch bugs, and improve performance of the IoT devices, making them less susceptible to malware infections and botnet recruitment12. Firmware updates can also enable new security features, such as encryption, authentication, and firewall, that can protect the IoT devices from unauthorized access and data theft3. Firmware updates should be done automatically or remotely, without requiring user intervention, to ensure timely and consistent security across the IoT network4.
The other options are not as effective or feasible as firmware updates for the following reasons:
* B. Deploying network intrusion detection systems (IDS) across the IoT network can help detect and alert DDoS attacks, but not prevent them. IDS can monitor network traffic and identify malicious patterns, such as high volume, spoofed IP addresses, or unusual protocols, that indicate a DDoS attack5.
However, IDS cannot block or mitigate the attack, and may even be overwhelmed by the flood of traffic, resulting in false positives or missed alerts. Moreover, deploying IDS across a vast network of IoT devices can be costly, complex, and resource-intensive, as it requires dedicated hardware, software, and personnel.
* C. Establishing strong, unique passwords for each IoT device can prevent unauthorized access and brute-force attacks, but not DDoS attacks. Passwords can protect the IoT devices from being compromised by hackers who try to guess or crack the default or weak credentials. However, passwords cannot prevent DDoS attacks that exploit known or unknown vulnerabilities in the IoT devices, such as buffer overflows, command injections, or protocol flaws. Moreover, establishing and managing strong, unique passwords for each IoT device can be challenging and impractical, as it requires user awareness, memory, and effort.
* D. Implementing IP address whitelisting for all IoT devices can restrict network access and communication to trusted sources, but not DDoS attacks. IP address whitelisting can filter out unwanted or malicious traffic by allowing only the predefined IP addresses to connect to the IoT devices.
However, IP address whitelisting cannot prevent DDoS attacks that use spoofed or legitimate IP addresses, such as reflection or amplification attacks, that bypass the whitelisting rules. Moreover, implementing IP address whitelisting for all IoT devices can be difficult and risky, as it requires constant updating, testing, and monitoring of the whitelist, and may block legitimate or emergency traffic by mistake.
References:
1: How to proactively protect IoT devices from DDoS attacks - Synopsys
2: IoT and DDoS: Cyberattacks on the Rise | A10 Networks
3: Detection and Prevention of DDoS Attacks on the IoT - MDPI
4: How to Secure IoT Devices: 5 Best Practices | IoT For All
5: Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) Part 1 - Network Security | Coursera
6: DDoS Attacks: Detection and Mitigation - Cisco
7: The Challenges of IoT Security - Infosec Resources
8: IoT Security: How to Protect Connected Devices and the IoT Ecosystem | Kaspersky
9: IoT Security: Common Vulnerabilities and Attacks | IoT For All
10: The Password Problem: How to Use Passwords Effectively in 2021 | Dashlane Blog
11: What is IP Whitelisting? | Cloudflare
12: DDoS Attacks: Types, Techniques, and Protection | Cloudflare
13: IP Whitelisting: Pros and Cons | Imperva


NEW QUESTION # 214
During a red team assessment at New England Insurance in Boston, ethical hacker Daniel sends a series of spoofed TCP packets carrying the reset flag to a server hosting client applications. As a result, several active sessions between employees and the server are abruptly terminated, causing temporary disruption of legitimate work. Daniel uses this demonstration to highlight how attackers can forcibly tear down sessions without completing a full hijack.
Which type of network-level session hijacking technique is Daniel simulating?

Answer: C

Explanation:
The technique described is RST hijacking because the attacker sends spoofed TCP packets with the RST (reset) flag to forcibly terminate established TCP sessions. In TCP, an RST packet is used to immediately abort a connection. If an attacker can craft packets that appear to belong to an existing session (matching the 4- tuple and using plausible sequence/acknowledgment values), the receiving endpoint may accept the reset and tear down the connection. This creates disruption-sessions drop, users are disconnected, and applications experience errors-without the attacker needing to fully take over the session or inject meaningful application data.
The scenario matches this exactly: "spoofed TCP packets carrying the reset flag," followed by "active sessions...abruptly terminated." That is the hallmark outcome of RST-based session disruption. It is often used as a demonstration of how fragile sessions can be when attackers can spoof traffic within a path (or on the same network segment) and when defensive controls do not validate or protect sessions adequately.
Why the other options are incorrect:
UDP hijacking (A) doesn't apply because UDP is connectionless and has no RST flag or session teardown mechanism like TCP.
Blind hijacking (C) refers to injecting traffic without seeing responses (guessing sequence numbers), but the specific mechanism asked here is the reset-flag termination; "blind" could be a property of how it's done, not the named technique.
TCP/IP hijacking (D) is a broader category that includes multiple methods of taking over or manipulating TCP sessions. The question is specifically about using RST packets to kill sessions, which is most precisely called RST hijacking.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. RST Hijacking.


NEW QUESTION # 215
A digital publishing firm in Charlotte, North Carolina, noticed suspicious probing activity against its public website. To proactively assess exposure, the security team initiated a focused scan of the company ' s HTTP servers. The chosen tool examined server headers, identified installed web server software through file signatures and favicon analysis, checked for outdated components, and searched for potentially dangerous files and misconfigurations. The scan also supported SSL connections and generated exportable reports in multiple formats for documentation. Which vulnerability assessment tool most closely aligns with the capabilities described?

Answer: D

Explanation:
The correct answer is Nikto. CEH web server security coverage identifies Nikto as a specialized open-source web server vulnerability scanner designed to assess HTTP and HTTPS services for dangerous files, insecure default content, outdated server versions, and version-specific problems. The scenario mentions examination of server headers, detection of installed web server software, checks for outdated components, identification of dangerous files and misconfigurations, SSL support, and exportable reporting. Those characteristics align closely with Nikto's typical use in CEH-style web server assessments. OpenVAS, Nessus, and Qualys VM are broad vulnerability management platforms with much wider enterprise coverage, but the question describes a focused HTTP-server scanner rather than a full-spectrum infrastructure scanner. CEH materials frequently present Nikto in the context of web server enumeration and vulnerability discovery after the tester has identified the target web platform. It is especially useful for quickly checking internet-facing servers for known risky files, weak configurations, and outdated software. Because the assessment is centered on the specific exposure of web servers and matches the recognized feature set of Nikto, option D is the best answer.


NEW QUESTION # 216
Bob, a system administrator at TPNQM SA, concluded one day that a DMZ is not needed if he properly configures the firewall to allow access just to servers/ports, which can have direct internet access, and block the access to workstations.
Bob also concluded that DMZ makes sense just when a stateful firewall is available, which is not the case of TPNQM SA.
In this context, what can you say?

Answer: D

Explanation:
A DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) is a physical or logical subnet that separates an internal local area network (LAN) from untrusted networks-typically the Internet. It allows an organization to provide external-facing services while isolating internal systems from direct exposure.
From CEH v13 Official Courseware:
Module 13: Hacking Web Applications
Module 14: Hacking Web Servers
Module 1: Introduction to Ethical Hacking - Security Architecture Concepts CEH v13 clearly outlines:
"A DMZ is critical when deploying Internet-facing servers such as web servers, FTP servers, or mail servers.
It provides a buffer zone that allows public access to specific resources while keeping the internal network isolated." Bob's assumption is flawed for several reasons:
DMZs can be implemented even with stateless firewalls using strict access control rules.
Relying solely on IP-based filtering is error-prone and doesn't offer layered defense.
A DMZ provides an essential layer of segmentation, protecting internal assets from compromised public servers.
Incorrect Options:
A/D: DMZ can still make sense even with stateless firewalls if properly configured.
B: IP filtering is insufficient as a sole security measure; does not replace the need for network segmentation.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 1 & 14 # Topic: DMZ Design and PurposeNIST SP 800-41 Rev.
1 - Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Policy
======


NEW QUESTION # 217
As a security analyst, you are testing a company's network for potential vulnerabilities. You suspect an attacker may be using MAC flooding to compromise network switches and sniff traffic. Which of the following indicators would most likely confirm your suspicion?

Answer: B

Explanation:
The Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) Network and Perimeter Hacking module describes MAC flooding as an attack targeting switch CAM (Content Addressable Memory) tables. The attacker overwhelms the switch by sending frames with spoofed MAC addresses, forcing the switch to broadcast traffic like a hub.
Option D is the correct indicator because MAC flooding results in many different MAC addresses being learned on a single switch port, which is abnormal behavior. CEH documentation identifies this as the primary forensic sign of a MAC flooding attack.
Option A relates more closely to ARP poisoning rather than MAC flooding.
Option B can occur in network misconfigurations but is not a primary MAC flooding indicator.
Option C is common in NAT environments and is not malicious by itself.
CEH emphasizes monitoring CAM table behavior and port security violations to detect MAC flooding attacks effectively.


NEW QUESTION # 218
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